Inethiwekhi yocingo evamile idlulisa izwi ngokushintshana kwesekethe, futhi i-broadband yokudlulisela edingekayo ingu-64 k bit/s.Okubizwa ngokuthi i-VoIP kusekelwe kunethiwekhi ye-IP yokushintsha iphakethe njengeplatifomu yokudlulisela, Isignali yezwi ye-analog icindezelekile, ihlanganiswe kanye nochungechunge lokucubungula okukhethekile, ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisa i-protocol ye-UDP engaphansi kokuxhumana yokudlulisa.
Kudingeka izici ezimbalwa nemisebenzi ukuze kudluliswe amasignali ezwi kunethiwekhi ye-IP.Indlela elula yenethiwekhi iqukethe amadivaysi amabili noma ngaphezulu anekhono le-VoIP axhunywe ngenethiwekhi ye-IP.
1. I-Voice-to-data coinguquko
Isignali yezwi iwuhlelo lwe-analog waveform, ngendlela ye-IP yokudlulisa izwi, Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwesikhathi sangempela noma uhlelo lokusebenza okungelona okwesikhathi sangempela.Okokuqala, isignali yenkulumo kufanele iguqulelwe kudatha ye-analog, okungukuthi, isignali yenkulumo ye-analog kufanele kulinganiswa ngamabhithi ayi-8 noma ayi-6, bese ithunyelwa endaweni yokugcina i-buffer, ubukhulu bebhafa bungakhethwa ngokuyaekubambezelekeni kanye nezidingo zokubhala amakhodi.Izifaki khodi eziningi zesilinganiso esincane sebhithi zisekelwe ekubhalweni kozimele.
Ubude obujwayelekile bozimele busuka ku-10 kuye ku-30ms.Uma kucatshangelwa izindleko ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, iphakethe le-interspeech ngokuvamile liqukethe u-60, 120 noma 240ms wedatha yezwi.I-Digitization ingafinyelelwa.ngokusebenzisa izikimu zokubhala amakhodi zenkulumo ezehlukene, enkulukazi i-ITU-T G.711.Isifaki khodi sezwi endaweni okuyiwa kuyo kufanele sisebenzise i-algorithm efanayo ukuze idivayisi yokukhuluma endaweni ikwazi ukubuyisela isignali yenkulumo ye-analog.
2, idatha yoqobo eya ku-tukuguqulwa kwe-IP
Kanye uphawu lwenkulumoi-al ifakwe ikhodi yedijithali, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucindezela nokuhlanganisa iphakethe lenkulumo ngobude obuthile bohlaka.Iningi lamakhodi anobude obuthile bozimele.Uma isifaki khodi sisebenzisa uhlaka lwe-15ms, iphakheji ye-60ms kusukela kowokuqala ihlukaniswa ngozimele abane futhi ifakwe ikhodi ngokulandelana kwayo.Uhlaka ngalunye lunamasampula enkulumo angu-120 (isilinganiso samasampula 8 kHz).Ngemva kokufaka ikhodi, amafreyimu amane acindezelwe ahlanganiswa abe yiphakethe lenkulumo elicindezelwe futhi athunyelwe kuphrosesa yenethiwekhi.Iphrosesa yenethiwekhi yengeza izihloko zephakethe, izitembu zesikhathi, nolunye ulwazi ezwini futhi ikuthumele ngenethiwekhi kwenye indawo yokugcina.
Inethiwekhi yezwi ivele imise ukuxhumana ngokomzimba (umugqa) phakathi kwendawo yokugcina yokuxhumanas futhi idlulise amasignali afakwe ikhodi phakathi kwamaphoyinti okugcina.Ngokungafani namanethiwekhi ashintshiwe ngomjikelezo, amanethiwekhi e-IP awakhi uxhumano;esikhundleni salokho, zidinga ukuthi idatha ibekwe kuma-datagram noma amaphakethe anobude obuguquguqukayo, ngalinye lawo lithunyelwa ngenethiwekhi ngolwazi lwekheli nokulawula futhi lidluliselwe esiteshini liye esiteshini lapho liya khona.
3. Dlulisa
Kulesi siteshi, yonke inethiwekhi ibonakala njengethola iphakethe lezwi kokufakwayo bese ililetha ekuphumeni kwenethiwekhi ngesikhathi esithile (t).t ingahluka kububanzi obuthile obugcwele, ibonise i-jitter ekudlulisweni kwenethiwekhi.
Ontanga kunethiwekhi bahlola imininingwane yekheli enamathiselwe kuphakethe le-IP ngalinye futhi basebenzise lolu lwazi ukuze badlulisele idathagram esiteshini esilandelayo endleleni eya lapho iya khona.Inethaisixhumanisi somsebenzi singaba yinoma iyiphi i-topology noma indlela yokufinyelela esekela ukuhamba kwedatha ye-IP.
4, IP iphakheji- datukuguqulwa
Idivayisi ye-VoIP okuyiwa kuyo ithola le datha ye-IP bese iqala ukucutshungulwa.Izinga lenethiwekhi lihlinzeka ngebhafa yobude obuhlukile esetshenziselwa ukulawula i-jitter ekhiqizwa inethiwekhi.Isigcinalwazi singaphatha amaphakethe ezwi amaningi, futhi abasebenzisi bangakhetha usayizi webhafa.Amabhafa amancane akhiqiza ukubambezeleka okuncane kodwa awakwazi ukulawula i-jitter enkulu.Okwesibili, idikhoda icindezela iphakheji yenkulumo efakwe ikhodi ukuze ikhiqize iphakheji yenkulumo entsha.Le mojula ingaphinda isetshenziswe ngohlaka, olulingana ncamashi nobude bedekhoda.
Uma ubude befreyimu bungu-15ms, amaphakethe enkulumo angu-60ms ahlukaniswa abe ozimele abangu-4, bese aqoshwa abe ukusakaza kwedatha yenkulumo engu-60ms futhi athunyelwe kubhafa yokukhipha amakhodi.Ukuqedwa kwedathagram, ulwazi lwamakheli kanye nokulawula luyasuswa, futhi idatha yokuqala eluhlaza iyagcinwa, bese inikezwa kusikhikhoda.
5. Ukuguqula izwi ledijithalision kuzwi le-analog
Umshayeli wokudlala ukhipha amaphuzu esampula yenkulumo (480) ku-buffer awathumele ekhadini lomsindo, futhi awasakaze ngesipika ngefrikhwensi enqunywe kusengaphambili (isibonelo, 8kHz).Kafushane, ukudluliswa kwezimpawu zezwi kumanethiwekhi e-IP kuhamba ngokuguqulwa kusuka kumasiginali we-analog kuya kumasignali edijithali, i-encapsul.ukudluliswa kwezwi ledijithali kumaphakethe e-IP, ukudluliswa kwamaphakethe e-IP ngenethiwekhi, ukukhishwa kwamaphakethe we-IP, nokubuyiselwa kwezwi ledijithali kumasignali e-analog.
I-VOIP ingenye yebhizinisi lethu okungokwakhoI-ONUuchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi, kanye nemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi eshisayo efanele yenkampani yethu ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zeI-ONUimikhiqizo yochungechunge, kuhlanganise ne-ACI-ONU/ ukuxhumanaI-ONU/ ehlakaniphileI-ONU/ ibhokisiI-ONU/ amachweba we-PON aphindwe kabiliI-ONU, njll. OkungenhlaI-ONUimikhiqizo yochungechunge ingasetshenziselwa izidingo zenethiwekhi zezimo ezihlukahlukene.Siyakwamukela ukuthi ube nokuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo.
