Ngenxa yentuthuko eminingi kanye nempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe ku-hardware efanelekile, isofthiwe, izivumelwano namazinga, ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwe-VoIP kuzofezeka maduze. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kulezi zindawo kube negalelo ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi ye-VoIP esebenza kahle kakhulu, esebenzayo, nesebenzisanayo. Izici zobuchwepheshe ezikhuthaza ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-VoIP kungafingqwa ngezici ezilandelayo.
1, Iphrosesa Yesiginali Yedijithali
Ama-Advanced Digital Signal processors (DSPS) enza imisebenzi enzima yokubala edingekayo ekuhlanganisweni kwezwi nedatha.Ukucubungula kwe-DSP kwamasignali edijithali kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi okungenzeka uma kungenjalo zenziwe yi-CPU yenhloso evamile. Amandla abo okucubungula akhethekile ahlanganiswe nezindleko eziphansi enza i-DSPS ifaneleke kahle ukwenza imisebenzi yokucubungula isignali ezinhlelweni ze-VoIP
Ukuminyanisa kwenkulumo kwe-G.729 ekubalweni kwezwi okukodwa ngokuvamile kuba kukhulu, okudinga u-20MIPS. Uma i-CPU emaphakathi idingeka ukuze kucutshungulwe ukusakaza kwezwi okuningi, ukwenza umzila nokuphatha imisebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa, akunangqondo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-DSPS eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kungakhipha imisebenzi yokubala ye-algorithm yokucindezelwa kwenkulumo eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwayo kusukela ku-CPU emaphakathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DSPS nayo ilungele ukutholwa komsebenzi wezwi nemisebenzi yokukhansela i-echo, ukuze bakwazi ukucubungula idatha yezwi. usakaze ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ube nokufinyelela okusheshayo kumemori esebhodini .Ngakho, kulesi sahluko, indlela yokusebenzisa ukubhala ikhodi yenkulumo nokukhanselwa kwe-echo kuplathifomu ye-TMS320C6201DSP yethulwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Amaphrothokholi ne-Software ejwayelekile ne-hardware H.323 Indlela yokubeka umugqa enesisindo efanelekile ye-DSP MPLS ilebula ukushintsha isisindo okungahleliwe ukutholwa kusenesikhathi Okuthuthukile kwe-ASIC RTP, RTCP I-Double Funnel Universal Cell isilinganiso se-algorithm ye-DWDM RSVP elinganiselwe ukufinyelela Isilinganiso SONET Diffserv, CAR Cisco Ukudlulisela Ngokushesha CPU Amandla Okucubungula G.729 , G.729a:CS-ACELP Ithebula Lokufinyelela Elinwetshiwe le-ADSL, i-RADSL, i-SDSL FRF.11/FRF.12 i-algorithm yebhakede yethokheni ye-Multilink PPP Frame Relay yokulungiswa kwedatha ye-SIP Ukuhlanganiswa kwePhakethi ye-CoS esekelwe kuqala phezu kwe-SONET IP ne-ATM QoS/CoS
2, Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe azinikele athuthukile
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Application-Specific Integrated Circait (ASIC) kukhiqize i-ASIC esheshayo, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi esebenza kakhulu. Ama-Asics ama-chips ohlelo lokusebenza akhethekile asebenzisa uhlelo olulodwa noma isethi encane yemisebenzi. Ngokugxila ekuhlosweni kohlelo lokusebenza oluncane, zingathuthukiswa kakhulu ngomsebenzi othile futhi ngokuvamile ziyi-oda elilodwa noma amaningana lobukhulu ngokushesha Njengoba nje imiyalelo encishisiwe Setha ama-chips ekhompyutha (i-RSC) egxile ekwenzeni inani elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi ngokushesha, i-ASICS ihlelwa kusengaphambili. ukwenza inani elilinganiselwe lemisebenzi ngokushesha. Uma sekuthuthukisiwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ASIC okuningi akubizi futhi kusetshenziselwa amadivayisi wenethiwekhi kufaka phakathiimizilanamaswishi, ukwenza ukuhlola kwethebula lomzila, ukudlulisela phambili ngamaqembu, ukuhlela ngamaqembu nokuhlola, nokubeka ulayini. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ASIC kunikeza idivayisi ukusebenza okuphezulu nezindleko eziphansi. Bahlinzeka nge-broadband eyengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa okungcono kwe-QoS kunethiwekhi, ngakho badlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni i-VoIP.
3, IP yokudlulisa ubuchwepheshe
Iningi lamanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini wokudlulisa asebenzisa imodi yokuphindaphinda kokuhlukanisa isikhathi, kuyilapho i-inthanethi kufanele isebenzise imodi yokuphinda isetshenziswe kwezibalo kanye nemodi yokushintshisana ngamaphakethe ende. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu okubili, lokhu okugcina kunezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izinsiza zenethiwekhi, ukuxhumana okulula nokuphumelelayo nokuxhumana, futhi kufanelekile kakhulu kumasevisi wedatha, okungenye yezizathu ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-intanethi. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-Broadband IP kubeka phambili izidingo ezinzima ku-QoS nezici zokulibaziseka, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushintsha iphakethe lepakethe eliguquguqukayo lezibalo kudonse ukunaka kwabantu. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwesizukulwane esisha se-IP protocol-ipv6, i-World Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ihlongoze ubuchwepheshe be-Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS), okuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokushintsha ilebula/ilebula ngokusekelwe kungqimba lwenethiwekhi. umzila, ongathuthukisa ukuguquguquka komzila, unwebe amandla omzila wesendlalelo senethiwekhi, wenze kube lula ukuhlanganisaimizilakanye nokushintshwa kwamaseli. Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwenethiwekhi. I-MPLS ayikwazi ukusebenza njengephrothokholi yomzila ezimele, kodwa futhi ihambisane nephrothokholi ekhona yomzila wenethiwekhi. Isekela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokusebenza, yokuphatha kanye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi ye-IP, futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu i-QoS, umzila kanye nokusebenza kokusayina kokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ye-IP, ukufinyelela noma ukusondela ezingeni lokushintshwa kwepakethe ye-multiplexed Fixed Length (ATM). Ilula, iyasebenza kakhulu, ishibhile futhi isebenza kakhulu kune-ATM.
I-IETF iphinde isebenze kumasu amasha okuphatha amaphakethe ukuze kusebenze umzila we-QoS. Ubuchwepheshe bokudonsa buyafundwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukudluliswa kwe-broadband phezu kwezixhumanisi ezingaqondile. Ukwengeza, indlela yokukhetha inkundla yokudlulisa inethiwekhi ye-IP nayo iyinkambu ebalulekile yocwaningo eminyakeni yamuva, futhi i-IP phezu kwe-ATM, i-IP phezu kwe-SDH, i-IP phezu kwe-DWDM nobunye ubuchwepheshe buvele ngokulandelana.
Isendlalelo se-IP sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufinyelela ze-IP zekhwalithi ephezulu ngeziqinisekiso ezithile zesevisi kubasebenzisi be-IP. Isendlalelo somsebenzisi sihlinzeka ngefomu lokufinyelela (ukufinyelela kwe-IP nokufinyelela kwe-broadband) kanye nefomu lokuqukethwe kwesevisi.Kusendlalelo esiyisisekelo, i-Ethernet iyingqimba ebonakalayo yenethiwekhi ye-IP, kuyindaba eyiqiniso, kodwa i-IP overDWDM ubuchwepheshe bamuva, futhi inobukhulu obukhulu. amandla okuthuthuka.
I-Dense Wave Division MultipLexing (DWDM) iphefumule impilo entsha kumanethiwekhi e-fiber futhi yanikeza umkhawulokudonsa omangalisayo kumanethiwekhi amasha e-fiber backbone yezinkampani zezingcingo. Ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM busebenzisa amandla ama-optical fibers kanye nemishini yokudlulisa amehlo ethuthukisiwe. Igama le-multiplexing ye-wave division lisuselwa ekudluliselweni kwamaza angamaza amaningi okukhanya (LASER) kusuka kucu olulodwa lwefiber optical. Amasistimu amanje ayakwazi ukuthumela nokukhomba amaza angamaza angu-16, kuyilapho amasistimu esikhathi esizayo angakwazi ukusekela amaza angama-40 kuya kwangu-96 agcwele. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ubude begagasi obungeziwe bungeza ukugeleza okwengeziwe kolwazi. Ngakho inethiwekhi ye-2.6 Gbit/s (OC-48) inganwetshwa izikhathi ezingu-16 ngaphandle kokuthi kubekwe imicu emisha.
Amanethiwekhi amaningi e-fiber amasha asebenzisa i-OC-192 ku-(9.6 Gbit/s), akhiqiza amandla angaphezu kuka-150 Gbit/s kumafayibha amabili uma ehlanganiswe ne-DWDM. ukusekela i-ATM, i-SDH kanye ne-Gigabit Ethernet yokudlulisa isignali ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuhambisana namanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene akhiwe manje, ngakho-ke i-DWDM ayikwazi ukuvikela ingqalasizinda ekhona kuphela, kodwa futhi inganikeza inethiwekhi yomgogodla enamandla kakhulu ye-ISP. kanye nezinkampani ze-telecom ezinomkhawulokudonsa wazo omkhulu. Futhi wenze i-broadband ibe ishibhile futhi ifinyeleleke kakhudlwana, enikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezidingo zomkhawulokudonsa wezixazululo ze-VoIP.
Izinga lokudlulisa elandisiwe alikwazi nje ukunikeza ipayipi elijiyile elinethuba elincane lokuvinjwa, kodwa futhi lenze ukubambezeleka kube phansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunganciphisa izidingo ze-QoS kumanethiwekhi e-IP ngokwezinga elikhulu.
4. Ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela ku-Broadband
Ukufinyelela komsebenzisi kwenethiwekhi ye-IP sekuphenduke ibhodlela elivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke inethiwekhi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umgomo wokugcina wokufinyelela komsebenzisi i-fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ebonakalayo ihlanganisa isistimu yenethiwekhi ye-optical digital loop kanye nenethiwekhi ye-passive optical network. Owokuqala ikakhulukazi e-United States, kuhlanganiswe nomlomo ovulekile i-V5.1/V5.2, idlulisela uhlelo lwayo oludidiyelwe ku-fiber optical, okubonisa amandla amakhulu. Lezi zamuva zitholakala ikakhulukazi eJapane naseJalimane. I-Japan iphikelele ekucwaningeni isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, futhi yathatha uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokunciphisa izindleko zamanethiwekhi okukhanya angenakwenziwa zibe sezingeni elifanayo ngezintambo zethusi nezintambo zensimbi ezisontekile, kanye nenani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-ITU ihlongoze i-ATM esekelwe ku-Passive Optical Network (APON), ehlanganisa izinzuzo ze-ATM kanye nenethiwekhi ye-passive optical network. Izinga lokufinyelela lingafinyelela ku-622M bit/s, okuzuzisa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinsizakalo ze-multimedia ye-Broadband IP, futhi linganciphisa izinga lokuhluleka kanye nenani lamanodi, futhi andise indawo yokufakwa. Njengamanje, i-ITU isiwuqedile umsebenzi wokumisa, futhi abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bayawuthuthukisa ngenkuthalo. Maduze kuzoba nemikhiqizo emakethe, futhi izoba inkomba enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela kwe-broadband ebhekene nekhulu lama-21.
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokufinyelela buyi:PSTN, IADN, ADSL, CM, DDN, X.25, Ethernet kanye nesistimu yokufinyelela okungenantambo ye-broadband. Lobu buchwepheshe bokufinyelela bunezici zabo, phakathi kwazo ezithuthuka ngokushesha i-ADSL ne-CM; I-CM (I-Cable Modemu) yamukela intambo ye-coaxial enezinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka; kodwa hhayi ukudluliswa kwezindlela ezimbili, alikho izinga elihlanganisiwe.
I-ADSL(I-Asymmetrical Digital Loop) inikeza ukufinyelela okukhethekile ku-broadband, isebenzisa ngokugcwele inethiwekhi yocingo ekhona, futhi inikeza izinga lokudluliswa kwe-asymmetric. Izinga lokulanda ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi lingafinyelela ku-8 Mbit/s, futhi izinga lokulayisha ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi lingafinyelela ku-1M bit/s. I-ADSL inikeza i-broadband edingekayo yamabhizinisi kanye nabasebenzisi ngabanye, futhi yehlisa kakhulu izindleko. Ngokusebenzisa amasekhethi esifunda e-ADSL angabizi kakhulu, izinkampani manje zingakwazi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kanye ne-VPN esekelwe kumhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi ngesivinini esiphezulu, okuvumela umthamo wekholi we-VoIP ophezulu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe beyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi
Amayunithi okucubungula amaphakathi (i-cpus) ayaqhubeka nokushintsha ngokuya ngokusebenza, amandla, nesivinini. Lokhu kwenza i-multimedia PCS ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yesistimu ekhawulelwe amandla e-CPU. Ikhono le-PCS lokusingatha ukusakazwa kwedatha yomsindo nevidiyo kudala ilindelwe kubasebenzisi, ngakho-ke ukuletha amakholi wezwi ngamanethiwekhi edatha kwakuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo. Leli khono lokubala livumela kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu ye-multimedia ethuthukisiwe kanye nezici ezithuthukisiwe ezingxenyeni zenethiwekhi ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zezwi.
I-VOIP ingeyethuI-ONUuchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi ebhizinisini, kanye nemikhiqizo yenethiwekhi eshisayo efanele yenkampani yethu ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zeI-ONUuchungechunge, okuhlanganisa ACI-ONU/ ukuxhumanaI-ONU/ ehlakaniphileI-ONU/ ibhokisiI-ONU/ imbobo ye-PON ephindwe kabiliI-ONU, njll.
EphezuluI-ONUimikhiqizo yochungechunge ingasetshenziselwa izidingo zenethiwekhi zezimo ezihlukahlukene. Siyakwamukela ukuthi ube nokuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo.
