I-Optical fiber idlulisa amasignali ngendlela yama-pulses alula, futhi isebenzisa ingilazi noma i-plexiglass njengendlela yokudlulisa inethiwekhi. Iqukethe i-fiber core, i-cladding kanye nesembozo sokuzivikela. I-Optical fiber ingahlukaniswa ibe i-Single Mode fiber kanye ne-Multiple Mode fiber.
I-fiber optical yemodi eyodwa inikeza kuphela indlela eyodwa yokubona, enzima ukuyicubungula, kodwa inamandla okuxhumana amakhulu kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisela. I-Multimode fiber isebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokubona ukuze idlulise isignali efanayo, futhi isivinini sokudlulisela silawulwa ukuphikiswa kokukhanya.
I-Optical fiber ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisela, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemicu ye-optical zikhethwa ngokuvumelana nemvelo kanye nezidingo zokudlulisela. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zamafiber optical asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutha
A. 8.3pm core/125pm igobolondo, intambo yokubona yemodi eyodwa;
B. 62.5um core/125um igobolondo, ikhebula le-multimode optical;
C. 5OPm core/125pm igobolondo, multimode optical cable;
D. Igobolondo le-Loop core/140pm, intambo yokubona ye-multimode.
Ikhebula le-optical ikakhulukazi lakhiwe imicu ye-optical (izinwele zengilazi zincane njengezinwele) nemikhono evikelayo yepulasitiki kanye namashethi epulasitiki. Ayikho insimbi efana negolide, isiliva, ithusi ne-aluminium kukhebuli yokubona, futhi ngokuvamile alikho inani lokugaywa kabusha. Ikhebula le-optical liwumugqa wokuxhumana lapho inani elithile lemicu ye-optical lakha khona umgogodla wekhebula ngendlela ethile, embozwe ngesheath kanti enye ibuye imbozwe ngegobolondo langaphandle ukuze ibone ukudluliswa kwezimpawu zokukhanya. Okungukuthi: ikhebula elakhiwe i-fiber optical (optical transmission carrier) ngemva kwenqubo ethile. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhebula le-optical ngokuvamile lakhiwa umgogodla wekhebula, ucingo lwensimbi oluqinisiwe, isigcwalisi, kanye nesheath. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izingxenye ezifana nongqimba olungangeni manzi, isendlalelo sebhafa, nezintambo zensimbi eziboshiwe njengoba kudingeka.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwentambo ye-fiber optic ukuthi inezici ezilandelayo:
1. I-bandwidth yokudlulisa ibanzi kakhulu futhi amandla okuxhumana makhulu kakhulu;
2. Ukulahleka kokudlulisela okuphansi kanye nebanga elide lokudluliselwa, elifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukudluliswa kwebanga elide;
3. Amandla aqinile wokunqanda umbani kanye ne-anti-electromagnetic interference;
4. Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo okuhle, akulula ukulalela noma ukuvinjwa idatha;
5. Usayizi omncane nesisindo esincane;
6. Izinga lephutha elincane kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kokudlulisela;
7. Intengo iyehla ngokuqhubekayo.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhebula le-optical ngokuvamile lakhiwa umgogodla wekhebula, ucingo lwensimbi oluqinisiwe, isigcwalisi, kanye nesheath. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izingxenye ezifana nongqimba olungangeni manzi, isendlalelo sebhafa, nezintambo zensimbi eziboshiwe njengoba kudingeka. Ikhebula le-optical lakhiwe ngomgogodla oqinisiwe kanye ne-cable core, i-sheath kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesakhiwo se-cable core: uhlobo olulodwa-core kanye nohlobo lwe-multi-core: uhlobo olulodwa lwe-core linezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo olugcwele kanye nohlobo lwe-tube bundle; uhlobo lwe-multi-core lunezinhlobo ezimbili: iribhoni nohlobo lweyunithi. Umgodla wangaphandle unezinhlobo ezimbili zezikhali zensimbi nezingezona zempi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yekhebula le-optical ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngezinqubo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-fiber optical: khetha i-fiber optical enezici ezinhle kakhulu zokudlulisela kanye nokungezwani okufanelekile.
2. Ukungcoliswa kwefiber optical: Sebenzisa ichromatogram egcwele ejwayelekile ukumaka, okungadingi kufiphala nokufuduka kumazinga okushisa aphezulu.
3. I-extrusion yesibili: sebenzisa ipulasitiki ene-elastic modulus ephezulu kanye ne-coefficient yokwandisa umugqa ophansi ukuze ikhishwe eshubhuni losayizi othize, faka i-fiber kujeli evikela umswakama futhi engangeni manzi, bese uyigcina izinsuku ezimbalwa (hhayi ngaphansi kwezimbili. izinsuku).
4. Ikhebula le-optical elisontekile: sonta imicu eminingana ye-optical extruded ngeyunithi eqinisiwe.
5. Cindezela i-sheath yangaphandle yekhebula le-optical: engeza ungqimba lwe-sheath kukhebula le-optical elisontekile.