Sebopeho sa motheo sa fiber optical

Fiber e se nang letho ea fiber ea optical hangata e arotsoe ka likarolo tse tharo: core, cladding le coating.

Fiber core le cladding li entsoe ka khalase e nang le li-index tse fapaneng tsa refractive, bohareng ke khalase e phahameng ea refractive index (silika ea germanium-doped), 'me bohareng ke khalase e tlaase ea silika ea khalase (silika e hloekileng). Leseli le kena ka har'a fiber ka lehlakoreng le itseng la liketsahalo, 'me tlhahiso eohle e etsahala pakeng tsa fiber le cladding (hobane index ea refractive ea cladding e tlase hanyenyane ho feta ea mantlha), kahoo e ka ata ka har'a fiber.

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho roala ke ho sireletsa fiber ea optical ho senya ka ntle, ha o ntse o eketsa ho feto-fetoha ha fiber optical. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, li-core le cladding li entsoe ka khalase 'me ha li khone ho kobeha le ho senyeha. Tšebeliso ea lera la ho roala e sireletsa le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba fiber.

Lera la sheath e ka ntle e eketsoa ho fiber e sa koaeloang. Ntle le ho e sireletsa, sheath e kantle ea mebala e fapaneng e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho khetholla likhoele tse fapaneng tsa optical.

Fibre ea optical e arotsoe ka fiber e le 'ngoe ea mode (Single Mode Fiber) le fiber ea multimode (Multi Mode Fiber) ho latela mokhoa oa phetisetso. Leseli le kena ka har'a fiber ka lehlakoreng le itseng la liketsahalo, 'me ho hlaha ho feletseng pakeng tsa fiber le cladding. Ha bophara bo le bonyenyane, tataiso e le 'ngoe feela ea leseli e lumelloa ho feta, ke hore, fiber e nang le mokhoa o le mong; ha bophara ba fiber bo le boholo, leseli le ka lumelloa. Enta le ho hasana ka mahlakoreng a mangata a liketsahalo, lekhetlong lena e bitsoa fiber ea multimode.

Litšobotsi tsa phetiso ea fiber ea optic

Optical fiber e na le litšobotsi tse peli tse kholo tsa phetisetso: tahlehelo le ho hasana. Tahlehelo ea fiber ea optical e bolela ho fokotseha ka bolelele ba yuniti ea fiber ea optical, ka dB/km. Boemo ba tahlehelo ea fiber ea optical bo ama ka kotloloho sebaka sa phetisetso ea sistimi ea puisano ea fiber ea optical kapa sebaka se pakeng tsa liteishene tsa relay. Fiber dispersion e bua ka taba ea hore lets'oao le fetisoang ke fiber le tsamaisoa ke likarolo tse fapaneng tsa maqhubu le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mokhoa, 'me lebelo la phetisetso ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa maqhubu le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mode li fapane, e leng se lebisang ho khopameng ea matšoao.

Phatlalatso ea fiber e arotsoe ka ho hasana ha lintho tse bonahalang, ho hasana ha waveguide le ho hasana ha modal. Mefuta e 'meli ea pele ea ho hasana e bakoa ke hore lets'oao ha se leqhubu le le leng,' me mofuta oa ho qetela oa hasane o bakoa ke hore lets'oao ha se mokhoa o le mong. Letšoao ha se mokhoa o le mong o tla baka mokhoa oa ho hasana.

Fiber ea mofuta o le mong e na le mokhoa o le mong feela oa mantlha, kahoo ho na le phallo ea lintho tse bonahalang le phallo ea waveguide, 'me ha ho na mokhoa oa ho hasana. Multimode fiber e na le phallo ea li-inter-mode. Ho hasana ha fiber ea optical ha e ame feela matla a phetisetso ea fiber ea optical, empa hape e fokotsa sebaka sa relay ea tsamaiso ea puisano ea optical fiber.

Fiber ea mofuta o le mong

Fiber ea mofuta o le mong (Mokhoa o le Mong Fiber), leseli le kena ka har'a fiber ka lehlakoreng le itseng la ketsahalo, 'me ho hlaha ho tsoa ka ho feletseng pakeng tsa faeba le li-cladding. Ha bophara bo khutsufatsoa, ​​tataiso e le 'ngoe feela ea leseli e lumelloa ho feta, ke hore, fiber e nang le mokhoa o le mong; Karolo e bohareng ea khalase ea fiber ea mode e tšesaane haholo, bophara ba mantlha ka kakaretso ke 8.5 kapa 9.5 μm, 'me e sebetsa ho 1310 le 1550 nm wavelengths.

Multimode fiber

Mefuta e mengata ea fiber (Multi Mode Fiber) ke fiber e lumellang phetiso ea mekhoa e mengata ea tataiso. Bophara ba mantlha ba fiber ea multimode hangata ke 50μm/62.5μm. Hobane bophara ba mantlha ba fiber ea multimode bo batla bo le boholo, bo ka lumella mekhoa e fapaneng ea khanya hore e fetisetsoe ho fiber e le 'ngoe. Maqhubu a tloaelehileng a multimode ke 850nm le 1300nm ka ho latellana. Ho boetse ho na le tekanyetso e ncha ea fiber ea multimode e bitsoang WBMMF (Wideband Multimode Fiber), e sebelisang maqhubu a pakeng tsa 850nm le 953nm.

Ka bobeli fiber ea mofuta o le mong le fiber ea mefuta e mengata li na le bophara ba 125 μm.

Fibre ea mofuta o le mong kapa fiber ea mefuta e mengata?

Sebaka sa phetiso

Bophara bo bonyenyane ba tlhale ea mofuta o le mong bo etsa hore khanya e tiee, e leng se lumellang khanya e le 'ngoe feela hore e tsamaee, e le hore lebone la optical le tsebe ho ea hōle. Ha leseli le ntse le feta bohareng, palo ea likhahla tsa leseli e ea fokotseha, e fokotsa ho fokotseha le ho baka ho phatlalatsoa ho eketsehileng ha matšoao. Hobane ha e na phetiso ea li-inter-mode kapa phallo e nyane ea li-inter-mode, fiber ea mofuta o le mong e ka fetisa lik'hilomithara tse 40 kapa ho feta ntle le ho ama lets'oao. Ka hona, fiber ea mofuta o le mong e sebelisoa ka kakaretso bakeng sa phetisetso ea data ea sebaka se selelele mme e sebelisoa haholo lik'hamphaning tsa mehala ea mehala le bafani ba lithelevishene le liunivesithi, joalo-joalo.

Multimode fiber e na le mokokotlo o moholo oa bophara mme e ka fetisa leseli ka mekhoa e mengata. Ka phetiso ea mefuta e mengata, ka lebaka la boholo bo boholo ba mantlha, ho hasana ha li-inter-mode ho kholoanyane, ke hore, letšoao la optical "le hasana" ka potlako. Boleng ba pontšo bo tla fokotseha nakong ea phetisetso ea nako e telele, kahoo fiber ea mefuta e mengata e atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa lik'hamera tse khutšoanyane, li-audio / video le marang-rang a sebaka sa libaka (LANs), le OM3 / OM4 / OM5 fiber ea mefuta e mengata e ka tšehetsang holimo. - phetiso ya data ka lebelo.

Bandwidth, bokhoni

Bandwidth e hlalosoa e le bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa litaba. Ntho e ka sehloohong e amang bophara ba optical fiber transmission band ke li-dispersions tse fapa-fapaneng, tseo ho tsona modal dispersion e leng tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Phatlalatso ea faeba ea mofuta o le mong e nyane, ka hona e ka fetisa leseli ka sehlopha se sephara sa maqhubu sebaka se selelele. Kaha fiber e nang le mefuta e mengata e tla hlahisa tšitiso, tšitiso le mathata a mang a rarahaneng, ha e ntle joaloka fiber ea mode e le 'ngoe ka bandwidth le bokhoni. Moloko oa morao-rao oa mefuta e mengata ea fiber bandwidth OM5 e behiloe ho 28000MHz/km, ha bandwidth ea fiber ea mofuta o le mong e le kholoanyane.